| Focus groups |
2 hour open-ended discussion among 8-10 ppl. Usually conduct series of 4-8 |
Traditional method, myriad purposes |
| Diads, Triads, or Mini groups |
1-2 hour open-ended discussion w/ 2-6 ppl. Usually conduct 4 |
Limited sample; limited budget; time constraints; group interaction w/ in-depth responses; social network |
| Social network groups |
Much like focus group, but among social circle. Usually conducted in more "informal" setting, living-room style |
When social group is key factor impacting relevant decision |
| Online QualBoards (bulletin boards) |
Online session led by a moderator among @ 15 respondents. Moderator and respondents post comments in a threaded message format. Respondents log in 2x/day at their convenience. Usually lasts 3 days |
Ideal for busy professionals, geographically diverse or international studies. Ideal for reaction to new concept designs, advertising, websites, etc. Multi-day format allows team to make changes to stimuli, and have respondents give feedback |
| In-depth interviews |
30-60 minute open-ended discussion w/ one person either in-person or over the phone. Usually conduct 10-50, depending on # of audiences |
Don't want group bias (for instance, reaction to stimuli); sensitive topic; limited sample; geographic diversity; elite pop difficult to schedule |
| User Experience/Usability testing |
Users interact with a website, software, or product and perform specific tasks. Facilitator observes and records where they go, and how successful they are without assistance or guidance. A "think aloud" protocol is used. Each session recorded digitally using usability software |
Need for feedback on website, software, application, or product usability. Able to understand users' real world experiences, and gauge learnability, efficiency, errors, and satisfaction |
| Advisory Boards |
1-2 day session w/ "best" customers or stakeholders to inform strategic direction, obtain buy-in, and promote loyalty |
Pre-research with key customers or decision makers before investing significant resources in new directions. Also good tool for promoting loyalty |
| Dial groups |
2-3 hour session among 10-100 ppl. Qual/quant mix w/ special computer equipment. Usually conduct 1-4 |
Reactions to stimuli; ability to gain both quantitative and qualitative feedback among large groups; experimental design; moment-to-moment reactions to stimuli; instant graphical analysis |
| Journaling |
Typically 1-4+ weeks in length. Respondents log-on daily (and independently) at their convenience to record behavior or daily routines |
Need for behavioral or attitudinal data that reflects longitudinal behavior in the participant's natural surroundings. Often conducted in the weeks prior to a focus group or online bulletin board and discussed in the group |